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1. I spent Martin Luther King, Jr., Day working on my book about Henrietta Wood. +
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2. Wood’s story is proof that “freedom is never voluntarily granted by the oppressor,” as King famously said in 1966. "It must be demanded by the oppressed."
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3. Born enslaved in Kentucky around 1820, Henrietta Wood was a free woman by 1853, living in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio.
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4. Then, she was kidnapped, re-enslaved, and sold to Mississippi. She was later taken to Texas during the Civil War, & held captive there until 1866.
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5. Eventually she managed to return to Cincinnati, where, beginning in 1869, she sued the white man who had kidnapped her in federal court—and won—though not until 1879, receiving $2,500 in damages.
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6. After that she moved to Chicago, where she died in 1912. Her son, who had been born enslaved in Mississippi, was a lawyer on the South Side until his death in 1951.
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7. Fifteen years later, MLK came to Chicago, too. He summoned Chicagoans to the “fierce urgency of now,” reminding black Americans of “our great heritage.”
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8. Henrietta Wood and her son, Arthur H. Simms, were part of that “heritage,” too. More people should know their names.